Ibn Al-Baytar

Ibn al-Baytar (Ibn al-Baitar) (Abu Muhammad Abdallah Ibn Ahmad Ibn al-Baitar Dhiya al-Din al-Malaqi) (circa, 1188 - 1248). Botanist and pharmacologist of Malaga. Ibn al-Baytar was an Arab scientist, botanist, pharmacist, and physician. He is considered one of the greatest scientists of Al-Andalus and is believed to be one of the greatest botanists and pharmacists of the Islamic Golden Age and Muslim Agricultural Revolution. In one of his works, he lists some 1400 samples. This work had a considerable influence both outside and within the Islamic world.

The Jurisprudent Philosopher

Ibn Rushd was one of the greatest scientists in history. He was born in Cordova in 1128 C.E. His full name is Abu Walid Mohammad Ibn Rushd. He started his education with studying Hadith, linguistics, jurisprudence and scholastic theology.

The famous scientist made a lot of contributions in philosophy. He wrote extensively on Philosophy and Religion, Attributes of God, Origin of the Universe and Metaphysics and Psychology. As his keen interest in philosophy and jurisprudence he was nicknamed as “The jurisprudent philosopher”. He wrote Tuhafut al-Tuhafut in philosophy.

Apart from this he conducted astronomical observations in Morocco. At the age of 25. He observed a star which was never seen before. He believed that the moon is opaque and obscure and he also gave descriptions on sunspots.

Al-Battani

Al-Battani "Albategnius" , son of Jabir ibn Sinan al-Harrani who had a notable reputation as an instrument maker in Harran. The name makes the identification certain that al-Battani himself was professional in making of astronomical instruments and there is a good indication that he learn these skills from his father.

Al-Battani is one of the most popular observers and a leader in geometry, theoretical and practical astronomy, and astrology. He composed work on astronomy, with tables, containing his own observations of the sun and moon and an exact description of their motions than that given in Ptolemy’s “Almagest”.

MUHAMMAD AL FARABI

Abu Nasr Muhammad al- Farabi, is Known as "Alpharabius", one of the earliest Islamic intellectuals who were instrumental in transmitting the doctrines of Plato and Aristotle to the Muslim world, had a considerable influence on the later Islamic philosophers such as Avicenna.

He was an outstanding linguist who translated the Greek works on Aristotle and Plato and made a considerable addition to them of his own. He earned the nickname Mallim-e-Sani, which is translated as “second master” or “second teacher”.